Understanding Cervical Adhesion: Causes, Symptoms, and Impact
Cervical adhesion, also known as cervical canal obstruction, is a condition that occurs when there is a mechanical injury to the mucosa of the cervical canal, leading to narrowing or complete closure. This condition often arises from chronic cervical inflammation that remains untreated.
Causes of Cervical Adhesion
There are several factors that contribute to the development of cervical adhesion. One significant cause is artificial abortion, commonly referred to as induced abortion. Additionally, procedures such as curettage can also lead to severe cervical adhesion. Chronic conditions like cervical erosion often play a role in the development of this condition as well.
Impact of Cervical Adhesion
Individuals suffering from cervical adhesion may experience a variety of complications. The typical symptoms associated with this condition include:
1. Abdominal Pain
One of the major symptoms is abdominal pain, particularly if the condition worsens over time. Affected individuals may face severe cramping, leading to sleepless nights and significant interference with daily activities. Generally, this abdominal pain becomes apparent approximately one month post procedures like abortion or curettage. In some cases, the pain is excruciating, making mobility difficult and even causing discomfort during bowel movements.
2. Abnormal Pregnancy Outcomes
Cervical adhesion can significantly affect pregnancy, leading to complications such as miscarriage in both early and later stages, preterm birth, ectopic pregnancy, and, unfortunately, stillbirth. Infertility is a major concern, as this condition can lead to blocked fallopian tubes, preventing embryo implantation. Consequently, affected women may experience repeated miscarriages or early deliveries even if they manage to conceive.
3. Menstrual Irregularities
Symptoms may also include menstrual irregularities. In cases of complete cervical adhesion, women may experience amenorrhea (the absence of menstruation). Partial adhesion can lead to reduced menstrual flow while maintaining normal cycle durations. Inflammation from conditions like cervicitis can further exacerbate issues such as prolonged menstruation or unusual blood color.
4. Pain Upon Abdominal Examination
Women with uterine cavity adhesions often report pain during abdominal examination. Upon clinical evaluation, the uterus may appear normal in size and texture, but there will be pronounced tenderness in the lower abdomen.
Conclusion
Understanding cervical adhesion is essential for those who are experiencing symptoms or have undergone procedures that may increase the risk of this condition. Early recognition and treatment can significantly improve outcomes and quality of life for affected individuals.