Research Insights on Healthy Aging in Men
A recent study involving 5,820 American men living in Japan provides valuable insights into the keys to longevity. These men, who moved to Japan around the age of 54 after 1965, are now reaching impressive ages ranging from 85 to 105 years.
Six Pillars of Health and Longevity
From the research, six essential conclusions regarding health and longevity emerged:
- Strongly avoiding smoking
- Abstaining from excessive drinking
- Maintaining normal blood sugar levels
- Keeping blood pressure within a healthy range
- Avoiding obesity
- Staying physically fit
The most significant health threats identified were smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, high blood sugar, and high blood pressure. Men who adhered to these six health factors had a 22% chance of living to 85, and only 9% maintained good health at that age. The healthiest men were those who did not smoke, maintained normal blood sugar and blood pressure, were fit, slim, and enjoyed moderate alcohol consumption.
Significance of Relationships
Dr. Bradley J. Wilks from the University of Hawaii and the Pacific Health Research Institute, along with his colleagues, discovered that among men who reach 85, 69% survive, and 55% remain healthy. Wilks states, “Our inquiry centers on understanding what healthy aging is and how to achieve it.” The findings will be published in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
The study also highlighted two critical social factors that influence longevity in men: marriage and education. Wilks and his team found that unmarried men were 70% more likely to die before reaching 85. Dr. Thomas T. Pierce, a researcher in New England who is not affiliated with Wilks' study, supports this view.
“Most centenarian women have spouses who passed away in their 60s or 70s, while the scarce number of centenarian men are typically married, either to their first or second spouse,” Pierce noted. He emphasizes that “without a partner, men struggle to achieve longevity, whereas women often retain their longevity even after losing a spouse.”
Impact of Education on Longevity
Educational attainment also plays a significant role. Among men who have not pursued higher education, 17% face a higher risk of dying before 85. In contrast, those who complete college tend to enjoy better physical and mental health into their 80s.
Many other factors influencing men's longevity remain unexplored. A recent paper published in the Journal of the American Medical Association suggests that the role of fatherhood may also be crucial for health and longevity.
The Secrets to Living Longer
What can men do to increase their chances of reaching 85 or beyond? Wilks and Pierce agree that there are no certainties. Interestingly, while Wilks and his team found that heavy drinking significantly reduced the likelihood of reaching 85, Pierce argues this may not apply universally to all men.
“Some groups, like Orthodox Jews who abstain from alcohol, report higher average lifespans. Yet numerous studies support the idea that moderate daily alcohol consumption can be beneficial,” Pierce stated.
So, what is the most critical factor? According to Wilks and Pierce, it is avoiding smoking. Both experts liken smoking to a dangerous weapon against longevity. After addressing this crucial factor, Pierce suggests that managing stress may be the key to extended life.
“We believe those who live beyond a hundred manage stress exceptionally well,” he said. “While they face pressures, they know how to cope effectively.” Both researchers advocate for regular physical activity and social engagement to counter stress.
Practical Tips for Middle-Aged Men
For middle-aged men aiming to boost their longevity, Wilks offers essential advice: “First, consult with your doctor to identify any potential health risks, and take action to mitigate these risks.”
“Remember, these changes should ideally occur before the age of 60, as altering habits becomes challenging later in life. If you smoke, quit now; if you are overweight, prioritize weight loss, engage in regular exercise, incorporate strength training, and commit to lifelong learning, all while nurturing a fulfilling marital relationship.”