Understanding Fissures in Hands and Feet: Causes and Effects
**Fissures in hands and feet**, commonly referred to as cracks, are a frequent dermatological condition affecting the skin in these areas due to various factors that lead to dryness and breaking. This skin issue is especially prevalent during the winter months and tends to affect **adults and the elderly**, regardless of gender. These fissures can be painful, hindering daily activities and work.
Causes of Fissures in Hands and Feet
The primary reason behind these fissures is the **thickening of the epidermis**, accompanied by dry conditions and localized movements. The skin on the hands and feet, particularly on the palms and soles, has a thicker stratum corneum and lacks sebaceous glands. During winter, the secretion of sweat decreases significantly, leading to a lack of natural moisture. Consequently, the skin becomes excessively dry.
Moreover, various **mechanical frictions and irritations**, including chemical and biological factors such as fungal infections, contribute to this condition. External agents like the dehydration effects of alkaline organic solvents further exacerbate the issue, leading to increased thickness of the stratum corneum and diminishing the skin's elasticity and toughness.
Impact of Age and Pre-existing Skin Conditions
As individuals age, skin naturally becomes drier, making **fissures more likely to appear**. Pre-existing skin conditions like chronic eczema, foot fungi, palmoplantar keratoderma, ichthyosis, and chilblains on the backs and sides of fingers can also predispose someone to cracks.
Characteristics of Hand and Foot Fissures
Fissures manifest as cracks of varying depths and lengths, typically ranging from **2 to 3 mm or longer**. They are commonly found on areas such as fingertips, the flexor surface of fingers, heels, and the sides of toes.
Fissures are generally categorized into three degrees based on severity:
- First Degree: Cracks are limited to the epidermis, with no bleeding or significant pain.
- Second Degree: Cracks extend into the dermis, causing mild pain but little to no bleeding.
- Third Degree: Cracks penetrate the dermis and subcutaneous tissue, often leading to bleeding and considerable pain.
Conclusion
Understanding the causes and characteristics of fissures in hands and feet is crucial for prevention and treatment. People are encouraged to recognize the early signs and seek appropriate care to avoid complications.